There is/are x have/has

Quando estudamos uma nova língua, inevitavelmente a comparamos à nossa. Mas na língua inglesa, encontramos inúmeros casos em que a comparação com o português não se aplica, seja em vocabulário ou estrutura.

Nosso foco hoje, é quando nos referimos à existência de algo. Para isso, no português, utilizamos de modo informal, o verbo “ter”, e o utilizamos da mesma forma como o usamos para expressar posse:

Em Copacabana, tem três estações de metrô.

Eu tenho uma família grande.

Na segunda sentença, o verbo “ter” expressa de fato posse, enquanto na primeira, a ideia é de existência.

Mas em inglês,o suposto correspondente “to have” (quando se encontra na posição de verbo principal), é aplicado somente no sentido de posse, característica ou relação:

I have a big family. (Eu tenho uma família grande.)

The park has a lake. (O parque tem um lago.)

Quando queremos nos referir à existência de algo, devemos utilizar “there is” para o singular e “there are” para o plural:

In Copacabana, there is a subway station. (Em Copacabana, existe uma estação de metrô.)

In Copacabana, there are three subway stations. (Em Copacabana, existem três estações de metrô.)

Ou ainda, “there is” é usado para coisas não contáveis, enquanto “there are” é aplicado a coisas contáveis:

There is a lot of money in Paul’s bank account. (Há muito dinheiro na conta bancária de Paul.)

There is much sugar in this coffee. (Há muito açúcar nesse café.)

There isn’t much time left to do the tasks. (Não há muito tempo restante para fazer as tarefas.)

There are many monkeys in this zoo. (Existem muitos macacos nesse zoológico.)

There are a lot of people at the mall. (Existem muitas pessoas no shopping.)

There aren’t many chairs in this room. (Não existem muitas cadeiras nessa sala.)

As diferenças entre as línguas portuguesa e inglesa são diversas. Todavia, associações como as que vimos aqui, podem prejudicar o entendimento, e ainda nos afastar de uma compreensão efetiva. Acredite no seu potencial, estude, e os resultados virão!

http://institutokailua.com/voce-sabe-diferenca-entre-there-is-e-to-have/

https://profes.com.br/arantxamorales/blog/there-isare-x-havehas

“On a farm” or “in a farm”?

Hi everyone! It wasn’t easy to put together a post about this. I’m listing below some of the most interesting approaches to this I’ve found.

1.Practical English Usage, brings on a farm as a special expression.

2.When farm is used as a noun, on is the preferred preposition.
Ex: …lived on a farm, …stayed on a farm

When farm is used as an adjective, in is the correct preposition.
Ex: …injuried in a farm accident,
…decorated in a farm theme

https://www.phrases.org.uk/bulletin_board/24/messages/589.html

3.Michael Jacobs says: Quem procura lógica e regras para as preposições em inglês estará provavelmente condenado a uma busca frustrante. Costumo dizer que, para mim, até as preposições em português são um mistério!… Por que tenho de dizer “dor de barriga” e não “dor na barriga”, “dor no dedo” e não “dor de dedo”, “dor de cabeça” e não “dor na cabeça”? Portanto, se esbarrar com um gringo reclamando de dores nos dentes… não é para se surpreender!

www.teclasap.com.br/preposicoes-in-a-field-x-on-a-farm/

4. Conventional farms consist mainly of open fields with some buildings. So talking about the people who occupy a farm the word on is more appropriate, however most of them will live in a farmhouse situated on the farm.

https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/129625/in-farms-or-on-farms

So after having had all this information, I conclude that on a farm is a special expression brought up by special people, because not many have had the chance to be raised on a farm! Thanks Afonso! I’ve enjoyed searching for that!

Happy to see December?

December1

Yes and no! Time went by so fast, don’t you think?

Well, I’m sure we’ve learned a lot! But it’s not all done yet! Hehe… There’s always something we can learn from every little thing!

Here we have happy to see = adjective + infinitive

We can use adjective + infinitive (with to) to say what we think of things that people do. We do this with adjectives like clever, crazy, right, silly, stupid and wrong.

You’re crazy to think you can get there in an hour.

You were clever to bring an umbrella.

We can also use infinitives (with to) after adjectives for feelings, like afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sad, surprised, unhappy.

Mom will be glad to find you at home.

I’m pleased to meet you.

Okay! I’ll be happy to know that you’ve got that!

Made…from, of, out of or with?

made-of-with

To talk about types of material or to say what something consists of, we often use is made, which is the passive form of make.

There are a few different prepositions commonly used after is made, each expressing something slightly different.

First, let’s look at the difference between of and from, i.e. is made of versus is made from.

Made of

We use made of when we talk about the basic material or qualities of something. It has a meaning similar to ‘composed of’:

  • Lego is made of plastic.
  • All of their furniture is made of oak.

Made from

We usually use made from when we talk about how something is manufactured:

    • Glass is made from sand. Glass is made of sand.
    • Paper is made from wood. Paper is made of wood.

Other prepositions after is made

You may have heard someone say that something is made out of something. We usually use made out of when we talk about something that has been changed or transformed from one thing into another:

      • The exhibition had miniature cars and buses made entirely out of chocolate.
      • All the exhibits were made out of ice.

Made of is also possible in the two examples above.

Here are some hands made out of paper – making planes out of paper.

hands-made-of-paper

We use made with most often to talk about the ingredients of food and drink:

      • She always makes her soups with lots of pepper and spices.
      • It’s best to make drinking chocolate with full-fat milk.

Finally, there is made up of, which means consist of:

    • Phrasal verbs are made up of verbs and adverbs.
    • Our presentation today is made up of three sections: ‘Company History’, ‘Today’, and ‘Our Future’.

What if I use the wrong preposition?

As you can see, the differences are sometimes very subtle. The good news is that if you use the wrong preposition after is made, people will still usually understand you. And as I mentioned above, in some cases the prepositions are interchangeable.

Feel free to leave a comment by clicking on the bubble above. Thanks!

http://speakspeak.com/grammar-articles/made-of-made-from

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/word-order-and-focus/made-from-made-of-made-out-of-made-with