Begin vs Start

Press start to begin

In English, begin and start often mean the same thing: to begin, to start, or to initiate something.

In many situations, you can use either word without changing the meaning.

Examples

1. A campaign begins / starts

The company started a huge advertising campaign.

The company began a huge advertising campaign.

✅ Both are correct.


2. An exam begins / starts

The exam started at 10 a.m.

The exam began at 10 a.m.

✅ Both are correct.


3. A semester begins / starts

I want to enjoy the last weekend before the semester begins.

I want to enjoy the last weekend before the semester starts.

✅ Both are correct.


When START and BEGIN are NOT interchangeable

Some words naturally combine with start, but not with begin. These common combinations are called collocations (or chunks).

Learning these combinations helps you sound more natural in English.


1. Start the car / Start the engine

🚗 Start the car = ligar o carro

🚗 Start the engine = ligar o motor

Please start the car.

She started the engine and drove away.

Begin the car

Begin the engine

Notice that in these expressions, start means to turn on, not simply to begin.


2. Start a fire

🔥 Start a fire = acender/fazer fogo

You must learn how to start a fire without a match.

Você precisa aprender a acender um fogo sem um fósforo.

Begin a fire


3. Famous expression

At the famous Indianapolis 500 race, the traditional command is:

“Ladies and Gentlemen, start your engines!”

🏁 This means: “Senhoras e senhores, liguem seus motores!”

Begin your engines


Quick Reference

ExpressionCorrect?
Start a campaign
Begin a campaign
Start an exam
Begin an exam
Start a semester
Begin a semester
Start the car
Begin the car
Start the engine
Begin the engine
Start a fire
Begin a fire

Pronunciation

Start

/stɑːrt/ Portuguese approximation: “stárt”

Begin

/bɪˈɡɪn/ Portuguese approximation: “bi-GUIN”


Practice

Complete with START or BEGIN.

  1. The meeting will ______ at 9 a.m.
  2. Please ______ the car.
  3. Classes ______ next Monday.
  4. We need to ______ a fire before it gets dark.
  5. The concert ______ at 8 p.m.
  6. Can you ______ the engine?

Answers

  1. start / begin
  2. start
  3. start / begin
  4. start
  5. start / begin
  6. start

Common Chunks to Memorize

✅ start the car
✅ start the engine
✅ start a fire
✅ start a business
✅ start a conversation
✅ start a project

✅ begin a journey
✅ begin a course
✅ begin a speech
✅ begin a relationship
✅ begin a chapter

Tip: When talking about turning something on (car, engine, machine, computer), START is usually the natural choice.

When talking about formal events, activities, or processes, both START and BEGIN are often possible.

Daily Routine II

In the following two videos, you will learn how to talk about your daily routine by observing Bob’s routine.

Bob will take you along with him for part of his day and explain everything he does using clear and easy-to-understand English. As you watch, you will be exposed to natural vocabulary, useful expressions, and common sentence patterns that native speakers use when talking about their everyday activities.

Build a Vocabulary Log

Build a vocabulary log as you watch the videos. Write down new words, phrases, phrasal verbs, collocations, and useful expressions.

Before You Watch

Think about your own daily routine and answer these questions:

  1. What time do you usually wake up?
  2. What is the first thing you do in the morning?
  3. Do you work, study, or both?
  4. What do you usually do in the evening?
  5. What time do you normally go to bed?

Video 1

Comprehension Questions

  1. What time does Bob start his day?
  2. What is the first thing he does?
  3. What activities does he do before work?
  4. What does he do during the day?
  5. What new words or expressions did you learn?

Video 2

While Watching

Continue taking notes and observe:

  • Additional daily activities
  • Useful expressions
  • Repeated vocabulary
  • Differences between your routine and Bob’s routine

Comprehension Questions

  1. What activities does Bob mention in this video?
  2. Which activities are similar to your routine?
  3. Which activities are different from your routine?
  4. Which phrasal verbs did you hear?
  5. Which collocations did you hear?

Speaking Practice

Answer the questions in complete sentences.

  1. What time do you usually get up?
  2. What do you do after you wake up?
  3. What do you usually have for breakfast?
  4. What do you do during the day?
  5. What do you do after work or school?
  6. What do you usually do in the evening?
  7. What time do you go to bed?

Writing Practice

Write a paragraph (80–120 words) describing your daily routine.

Use:

  • Present Simple
  • Time expressions (first, then, after that, later, finally)
  • At least 3 phrasal verbs
  • At least 3 collocations

Example starters:

  • I usually wake up at…
  • After that, I…
  • Then I…
  • In the evening, I…
  • Before I go to bed, I…

Challenge Activity

Watch both videos again.

Create a table comparing your routine with Bob’s.

Good Evening × Good Night

Day night

Parts of the Day

Evening

Evening is the period when the sky starts getting dark, usually between 6:00 PM and 8:00 PM.

People are generally still awake, working, studying, eating dinner, or socializing during the evening.

Night

Night is the period when it is dark and people are generally relaxing or sleeping.

Night usually begins later in the evening and continues until the early morning hours.


Good Evening

Use “Good evening” to say hello after approximately 6:00 PM.

It is commonly used:

  • at restaurants;
  • in professional situations;
  • in formal conversations;
  • in speeches and presentations.

Examples

  • “Good evening, do you have a reservation?” (at a restaurant)
  • “Good evening, Tom. How are you?” (to a colleague)
  • “Good evening, ladies and gentlemen…” (in a speech)

Important

In general, “good evening” sounds a little more formal.

Friends do not usually say “good evening” to each other. They are more likely to say:

  • “Hi”
  • “Hello”
  • “What’s up?”
  • “Hey”

Good Night

Use “Good night” to say goodbye, especially:

  • when leaving to go home;
  • when ending a conversation late at night;
  • before going to bed.

Family members commonly say “good night” before sleeping.

Examples

  • “Good night, Janet. See you tomorrow.”
  • “Good night, mom. I’m going to bed.”

Important Difference

ExpressionFunctionMeaning
Good eveningGreeting“Olá / Boa noite”
Good nightFarewell“Tchau / Boa noite”

Simple Rule:

  • Good evening = hello
  • Good night = goodbye

Authentic Examples

Opening of a Television Program (Greeting)

Hello, good evening and welcome: The David Frost story. Sir David Frost is famous the world over for his interviews with presidents and prime ministers, but his journalistic side is just one part of his repertoire.” (BBC)

Translation:

“Olá, boa noite e sejam bem-vindos: A história de David Frost. Sir David Frost é internacionalmente conhecido por suas entrevistas com presidentes e primeiros-ministros, mas o jornalismo é apenas uma de suas várias facetas.”

In this example, good evening is used to welcome the audience at the beginning of the program.


End of a Television Program (Farewell)

“Thank you so much to all of our guests, to you at home for being with us. We’ll see you tomorrow night, 8:00 sharp Eastern. Good night, everybody.(CNN)

Translation:

“Agradeço aos convidados pela presença e a vocês em casa pela audiência. Até amanhã às 20h em ponto (no horário da costa leste). Boa noite a todos.”

In this example, good night is used to say goodbye at the end of the program.


Practice

Complete with “good evening” or “good night”

  1. ____________, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to our event.
  2. I’m going to bed now. ____________!
  3. ____________, sir. Do you have a reservation?
  4. See you tomorrow. ____________!
  5. ____________, everyone, and welcome to the show.

Extra Tip

Many Brazilian students translate both expressions simply as “boa noite”, but in English the situation is important:

  • If you are arrivingGood evening
  • If you are leaving or going to sleepGood night
good-evening-ou-good-night

SIMPLE PAST – complete lesson

1. Verb Tenses Overview

Verbs come in three main tenses:

  • Present → things in general, routines, facts
  • Past → finished actions in the past
  • Future → things that have not happened yet

✔ Present Simple

Used for:

  • routines
  • general truths

Examples:

  • I live in Brazil.
  • She works every day.

👉 Note:

  • I / you / we / they → live
  • he / she / it → lives

✔ Future

Used for:

  • plans or actions in the future

Examples:

  • I will travel tomorrow.
  • She will call you later.

Watch the video carefully and take notes.

✔ Past Simple

Used for:

  • actions that are finished
  • actions at a specific time in the past

Common time expressions:

  • yesterday
  • last week / month / year
  • ago (two days ago, three years ago)
  • earlier

Example:

  • I visited my friend yesterday.

2. Structure of the Past Simple

👉 The good news:

✔ There is only ONE form of the verb for all subjects.

Example with LIVE:

  • I lived
  • You lived
  • He lived
  • She lived
  • It lived
  • We lived
  • They lived

⚠ Exception: the verb to be

  • was / were

3. Regular Verbs (Affirmative)

✔ Rule: Add -ED to the verb

Examples:

  • play → played
  • rain → rained
  • cook → cooked
  • watch → watched
  • want → wanted

✔ Verbs ending in -E: Add -D

  • live → lived
  • smile → smiled
  • dance → danced

✔ Examples in sentences:

  • I played my guitar yesterday.
  • It rained last night.
  • He fixed his bike last weekend.
  • Angela watched TV all night.
  • Paul wanted to go to the museum.

4. Negative Sentences

✔ Rule: Use did not (didn’t) + base verb

Structure: Subject + didn’t + base verb

Examples:

  • They lived in Spain → They didn’t live in Spain
  • I didn’t want to go home
  • She didn’t open the door

⚠ IMPORTANT:
❌ NOT: didn’t lived
✔ ALWAYS: base form


✔ Auxiliary in the Past: Only DID / DIDN’T

  • I didn’t
  • You didn’t
  • He didn’t
  • She didn’t
  • It didn’t
  • We didn’t
  • They didn’t

5. Questions in the Past Simple

✔ Rule: Use DID + subject + base verb

Examples:

  • Did they live in Spain?
  • Did you need my help?
  • Did she open the window?

⚠ IMPORTANT:
❌ NOT: Did they lived?
✔ ALWAYS: base form


6. Short Answers

  • Did you call her?
    ✔ Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
  • Did she finish?
    ✔ Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.

7. Question Words

Use before DID:

  • When did you arrive?
  • Where did they go?
  • Why did she leave early?
  • What did he say?
  • Who did you see?
  • How did you learn English?

8. Irregular Verbs

Some verbs do not follow the -ED rule.

Example with GO:

  • Present → go / goes
  • Past → went

✔ Affirmative:

  • I went to the beach.
  • She went to the dentist.
  • They went to the library.

✔ Negative:

  • You went → You didn’t go

✔ Questions:

  • Did you go to the concert?

9. Key Insight

👉 Irregular verbs are only irregular in affirmative sentences

✔ Example:

  • You went
  • You didn’t go
  • Did you go?

📝 EXERCISES

A. Complete with the Past Simple

  1. I ________________ (play) tennis yesterday.
  2. She ________________ (watch) a movie last night.
  3. They ________________ (live) in Spain in 2010.
  4. He ________________ (cook) dinner yesterday.
  5. We ________________ (study) English last week.

B. Make Negative Sentences

  1. I visited my friend.
    → I _____________________________________
  2. She liked the movie.
    → She __________________________________
  3. They worked yesterday.
    → They _________________________________

C. Make Questions

  1. You finished the homework.
    → ______________________________________________?
  2. She opened the door.
    → ______________________________________________?
  3. They traveled last year.
    → ______________________________________________?

D. Choose the Correct Option

  1. Did you ___ to the party?
    a) went
    b) go
  2. She didn’t ___ the answer.
    a) knew
    b) know
  3. They ___ a great time yesterday.
    a) had
    b) have

E. Irregular Verbs Practice

Complete:

  1. I ________________ (go) to the beach.
  2. She ________________ (have) lunch at noon.
  3. They ________________ (see) a movie.
  4. He ________________ (make) a cake.

F. Personal Practice

  1. What did you do yesterday?
    → ____________________________________________
  2. Where did you go last weekend?
    → ____________________________________________
  3. Did you study English yesterday?
    → ____________________________________________

Holiday Time, Long Weekend & Holiday Mood


1️⃣ Warm-up (Conversation)

  • Do you like holidays?
  • How do you feel before a holiday?
  • What are your plans for Carnival?


2️⃣ Vocabulary

📅 Holiday × Vacation (US × UK)

  • Holiday
    • US English → feriado / período curto de folga
    • British English → férias / feriado / viagens de férias
  • Vacation
    • US English → férias (período mais longo)
    • British English → menos comum

📌 Exemplos:

  • Next week is a holiday.
  • Carnival is a holiday in Brazil.
  • We take our vacation once a year.


🗓️ Long weekend

Long weekend = feriado prolongado (3 ou 4 dias)

  • Carnival is a long weekend in Brazil.
  • We have a long weekend next week.
  • I’m traveling on the long weekend.

Common use:

  • on the long weekend
  • during the long weekend

💰 / ⏰ Spend

Spend = passar (tempo) / gastar (dinheiro)

  • I spend time with my family.
  • I want to spend the holiday at home.
  • I don’t want to spend a lot of money.

Structure:

  • spend + the holiday / the long weekend
  • spend + time / money

😌 Holiday mood

Holiday mood = para falar de estado emocional, clima ou atmosfera

👉 in a holiday mood

  • I’m already in a holiday mood.
  • Everyone is in a holiday mood.

on a holiday mood
at a holiday mood

✔️ IN a holiday mood

More examples with IN

  • in a good mood
  • in a bad mood
  • in a relaxed mood
  • in the mood to travel

📅 Workday

  • Workday = dia de trabalho

📌 Exemplos:

  • Monday is a workday.
  • Holidays are not workdays.

3️⃣ Model Sentences

  • Next week is Carnival holiday.
  • I’m already in a holiday mood.
  • I want to spend the long weekend resting.
  • Some people travel on holidays.
  • I prefer to stay home during Carnival.


4️⃣ Grammar Focus (Going to)

We use going to for plans and intentions:

  • I’m going to spend the holiday with my family.

5️⃣ Practice

📝 Exercise 1 – Complete with IN, HOLIDAY, VACATION or LONG WEEKEND:

  1. I’m ___ a holiday mood.
  2. We have a ___ because Carnival is on Monday.
  3. In the US, people say ___ instead of holiday.
  4. I’m going to spend the ___ at home.
  5. Everyone is ___ a relaxed mood this week.

📝 Exercise 2 – Complete the sentences

  1. Next week is a __________.
  2. Carnival is a __________ weekend.
  3. I want to __________ the holiday at home.
  4. I’m already in a holiday __________.
  5. I’m on __________ in July for two weeks.

🗣️ Exercise 3 – Personal answers

Answer with complete sentences:

  1. How do you usually spend holidays?
  2. Are you in a holiday mood now?
  3. What are your plans for the long weekend?

🗝️ Answer Key

Exercise 1

  1. in
  2. long weekend
  3. vacation
  4. holiday / long weekend
  5. in

Exercise 2

  1. holiday
  2. long
  3. spend
  4. mood
  5. vacation (US) / holiday (UK)

Holidays are not about doing more — they’re about feeling better.