Dr. Seuss (1904-1991) é um dos mais populares escritores da literatura infanto-juvenil dos E.U.A. Mestre nas rimas e nos jogos de palavras, ele já vendeu mais de 100 milhões de exemplares e foi traduzido para dezoito línguas. Além de escrever sempre do seu jeito bem-humorado, Dr. Seuss também fez os desenhos da maioria de seus livros. Nos países de língua inglesa, suas histórias são adoradas em escolas, e muitas crianças aprenderam a ler com seus personagens.
No Brasil, o autor acabou não ficando tão conhecido e sua obra quase não tem traduções para o português, mas teve certa notoriedade quando alguns de seus livros tiveram adaptações para o cinema, como o filme “O Grinch”. Seus livros são inteligentes e falam sobre coisas do cotidiano e temas mais complexos do que os autores infantis tradicionais. Isso faz com que as crianças sejam desafiadas a pensar mais sobre o que veem nas obras.
To talk about types of material or to say what something consists of, we often use is made, which is the passive form of make.
There are a few different prepositions commonly used after is made, each expressing something slightly different.
First, let’s look at the difference between of and from, i.e. is made of versus is made from.
Made of
We use made of when we talk about the basic material or qualities of something. It has a meaning similar to ‘composed of’:
Lego is made of plastic.
All of their furniture is made of oak.
Made from
We usually use made from when we talk about how something is manufactured:
Glass is made from sand. Glass is made of sand.
Paper is made from wood. Paper is made of wood.
Other prepositions after is made
You may have heard someone say that something is made out of something. We usually use made out of when we talk about something that has been changed or transformed from one thing into another:
The exhibition had miniature cars and buses made entirely out of chocolate.
All the exhibits were made out of ice.
Made of is also possible in the two examples above.
Here are some hands made out of paper – making planes out of paper.
We use made with most often to talk about the ingredients of food and drink:
She always makes her soups with lots of pepper and spices.
It’s best to make drinking chocolate with full-fat milk.
Finally, there is made up of, which means consist of:
Phrasal verbs are made up of verbs and adverbs.
Our presentation today is made up of three sections: ‘Company History’, ‘Today’, and ‘Our Future’.
What if I use the wrong preposition?
As you can see, the differences are sometimes very subtle. The good news is that if you use the wrong preposition after is made, people will still usually understand you. And as I mentioned above, in some cases the prepositions are interchangeable.
Feel free to leave a comment by clicking on the bubble above. Thanks!
No and not are the two most common words we use to indicate negation.
No refers to a noun (used before a noun without an article) and it is usually used to mean something like not any or not a/an. No tells you there are zero of something:
No students joined the program. (= There weren’t any students who joined the program.)
No man is perfect. (= There aren’t any perfect men.)
She has got no children. (= She hasn’t got any children.)
Notalways refers to a verb which it negates, to show the opposite of an action. We use not with any other phrase or clause.
He is not cooking dinner tonight.
You cannot go to Jack’s house.
Not suitable for children under 15.
A:
Do you go cycling all year round?
B:
Notin the winter.
Not: No in the winter.
We often use no to respond to a yes-no question, or to agree with a negative statement:
A:
Do you need anything from the shops?
B:
No. I went earlier, thanks.
A:
He’s not going to get any better.
B:
No. You’re right.
We use no and not in some common fixed expressions:
A:
When you see Alan, can you give him this letter?
B:
Yes sure, no problem.
She had no idea what time they were arriving.
It’s no good standing around watching. Do something!
You’ve got no chance of getting a ticket now. They’re all sold out.
It’s not worth taking a taxi. We can walk.
In some cases the structures verb + not and no + noun can have similar meanings.
There wasn’t any reply. = There was no reply.
No is used with:
Adjectives preceding a noun without an article
I checked the website, but there are no red dresses.
There were no late trains today.
The school has no bad teachers.
Before verbal nouns (ending in -ing)
No smoking.
No playing in the street!
No texting during school!
Not is used with:
Nouns with an article, which are preceded by an adjective, and adjectives on their own
I liked the pink dress, but not the red one.
He is not a teacher; he is a student.
Josh is not friendly.
Before any, much, many, or enough
Not many amateur astronomers can afford the equipment necessary to study the nova.
There is not much budget left for another trial.
Exercise
Complete the following sentences with no or not.
1. We have …………………… .. money.
2. It is …………………. true.
3. He is …………………. stupid.
4. Now you see me, now you do ………………….
5. She has got…………………. friends.
6. She has ……………… got any money.
7. I can ……………….. come to your party tonight.
8. The store has …………….. ice cream!
9. It’s ……………. an impossible dream.
10. Kelly does ……………… read slowly.
Answers
1. We have no money.
2. It is not true.
3. He is no stupid.
4. Now you see me, now you do not.
5. She has got no friends.
6. She has not got any money.
7. I can not come to your party tonight.
8. The store has no ice cream!
9. It’s not an impossible dream.
10. Kelly does not read slowly.
So if you liked this post, leave me a comment to tell me what was so great about it!
Ao contarmos a uma pessoa o que outra disse ou pensou, frequentemente usamos indirect speech.
Os tempos verbais e os pronomes(I, you, etc) mudam em indirect speech quando o tempo e a pessoa que falou e a pessoa que está relatando, são diferentes.
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
Simple present
Simple past
Simple past
Past perfect
Present perfect
Past perfect
Simple future
Conditional
Imperative
Infinitive
Exemplos:
Mary said: “I study every day.” (simple present)
Mary disse: “Estudo todo dia.”
Mary said (that) she studied every Day. (simple past)
Mary disse que estudava todo dia.
Susan said: “I studied yesterday.” (simple past)
Susan disse: “(Eu) estudei ontem.”
Susan said (that) she had studied the day before. (past perfect)
Susan disse que tinha estudado no dia anterior.
Tobby said: “I will study tomorrow.” (simple future)
Tobby disse: “Estudarei amanhã.”
Tobby said (that) he would study in the following day. (conditional)
Tobby disse que estudaria no dia seguinte.
Carol said to him: “Study hard.” (imperative)
Carol disse a ele: “Estude bastante.”
Carol told him to study hard. (infinitive)
Carol disse a ele para estudar bastante.
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
Can
Could
May
Might
Must
Had to
Should
Should
Liz said: “I can go.” / Liz said (that) she could go.
Jane said: “I may go.” / Jane said (that) she might go.
Paul said: “I must go.” / Paul said (that) he had to go.
John said: “I should go.” / John said (that) he should go.
Okay! So now, tell someone what the guy from the video said. He speaks very clearly. Notice the TH pronunciation!
O horário de verão, é chamado em inglês, summer time (no Reino Unido) ou daylight saving time (nos EUA). Quando começa, você turn/move/set clocks forward/ahead (relógios são adiantados), e quando termina, você set/move/turn clocks back (relógios são atrasados).
So remember: spring = forward – fall = back!
Some people believe that daylight saving time doesn’t actually benefit anyone. Watch the video below and see what you think.
