O phrasal verb to wrap up é muito comum, e tem vários usos em inglês.
Os verbos frasais (phrasal verbs) são formados por um verbo e por uma partícula (advérbios ou preposições). Eles possuem um sentido que leva em consideração a sua unidade como um todo, isto é, o verbo + preposição ou o verbo + advérbio.
Já os idioms (expressões idiomáticas) são expressões consolidadas, próprias do idioma, e cujo significado não corresponde diretamente ao significado literal das palavras individualmente.
Vejamos alguns usos de WRAP UP:
1 – EMBRULHAR
Don’t forget to wrap up Dan’s present before you go to the party. Não se esqueça de embrulhar o presente do Dan antes de você ir para a festa.
Thank you! You don’t need to wrap it up. Obrigada! Não precisa embrulhá-lo/la.
2 – AGASALHAR
Wrap up well – it’s cold outside.Agasalhe-se bem – está frio lá fora.
I can hear my mother telling me to wrap up warm. Eu posso ouvir minha mãe dizendo-me para me agasalhar.
3 – ENCERRAR ou FINALIZAR
We need to wrap up this meeting and get back to work. Precisamos concluir esta reunião e voltar ao trabalho.
I can wrap up this little project in a week. Eu posso finalizar este pequeno projeto em uma semana.
She wrapped up a deal just before she left on vacation. Ela fechou um acordo pouco antes de sair de férias.
4 – RESUMIR
He wrapped the proposal up in the final paragraph. Ele resumiu a proposta no parágrafo final.
The reporter wrapped up the mayor’s speech in a few sentences. O repórter resumiu o discurso do prefeito em algumas frases.
5 – “Wrap up in“, como ESTAR ABSORVIDO EM / ENVOLVIDO COM
He’s so wrapped up in himself that he rarely calls me.Ele está tão absorto em si mesmo que ele raramente me liga.
Now listen carefully to this video to learn how Australians use the word WRAPPED (adjective) to describe a person’s feelings when they are extremely excited or happy about something. Take notes of the examples.
E se quiser além, assista o vídeo até o final para aprender expressões como:
WRAP AROUND (OR WRAP ROUND) – colocar algo em torno de outra coisa;
TO HAVE (SOMEONE) WRAPPED AROUND (ONE’S) FINGER – idiom – ter total controle sobre alguém;
KEEP (SOMETHING) UNDER WRAPS – idiom – dizer que algo está sendo mantido em segredo;
THAT’S (IT’S) A WRAP! – idiom – anunciando o fim de algo
Write down the examples and look up the words you don’t know. 😉
Are you normally ON TIME for things? (Or do you often arrive late to things?)
The meeting was scheduled for 10 a.m. / A reunião foi marcada para às 10h.
Do I say…. I arrived on time. … or … I arrived in time?
Ambas expressões, ON TIME e IN TIME, basicamente significam o mesmo, NOT LATE, mas com uma pequena diferença.
On time = punctual
Quando algo acontece ON TIME, acontece na hora prevista, pontualmente.
= punctual = on schedule / conforme marcado = at the planned time = at the correct time = neither early nor late
The meeting was scheduled for 10 a.m.
Apesar de estar preso no trânsito, consegui chegar ON TIME/ no horário da reunião. Isso significa que eu não estava atrasado. Cheguei no horário planejado.
Susan always arrives late to work. She is never on time. / Susan sempre chega atrasada ao trabalho. Ela nunca chega no horário.
Isso significa que ela nunca chega na hora certa. Ela nunca é pontual.
IN time = before a set time
IN TIME, significa a tempo, com tempo suficiente para fazer alguma coisa ou em um momento que parece ser perfeitamente adequado.
= before something happens = before the scheduled time / antes do horário marcado = with time to spare / com tempo de sobra
The meeting was scheduled for 10 a.m.
I arrived at 9.30 so I could have some coffee before the meeting started. I arrived in time to have some coffee before it started.
Isso significa que cheguei antes do horário planejado de 10 h e tive tempo suficiente para tomar um café antes do início da reunião. Cheguei antes do horário marcado para a reunião, cedo o suficiente para poder fazer outra coisa.
Just in time
Just in time refere-se a algo acontecendo no último momento, pouco antes do prazo ou pouco antes de algo acontecer. Significa que algo estava quase tarde demais.
The project was due at 10 a.m. / O projeto estava previsto para ser finalizado, entregue, às 10h.
We finished it a couple of minutes before it was due. / Terminamos alguns minutos antes do prazo.
We finished the project just in time.
Outro exemplo:
I arrived home just in time to avoid the heavy rain. / Cheguei em casa bem a tempo de evitar a chuva forte.
Check this all out in the video.
Note que é tudo uma questão de contexto. Se a ideia for dizer NA HORA EXATA, use ON TIME. Caso a intenção seja a de dizer A TEMPO, então use IN TIME.
PRACTICE: Complete the sentence with on time and/or in time.
He’s very punctual. He always arrives _____.
We’ve missed the boarding time but if we run to the gate, maybe we can make it ______ to stop the airplane doors closing.
We weren’t ______ for the start of the ceremony, but we were ______ to see the bride and groom exchange rings.
Carefully watch the video and notice the new vocabulary.
So don’t be late! Instead, be always on time or in time. 😉
Answers: 1. on time; 2. in time; 4. on time / in time
Do you want to talk about experiences you’ve had, tell a good or funny story, or talk about something you regret in the past?
We use the present perfect for something that started in the past and continues in the present:
We have lived here since 2017. [and we still live here]
I have been working at the university for over ten years.
We also use it for something that happened in the past but is important in the present:
I can’t open the door. I‘ve left my keys in the car.
Jenny has found a new job. She works in a supermarket now.
Be careful! We do not use the present perfect with words which refer to a finished past time:
I have seen that film yesterday.
We have just bought a new car last week.
When we were children we have been to California.
But we can use the present perfect with words which refer to a time which is not yet finished:
Have you seen Helen today?
We have bought a new car this week.
However, as soon as you mention a time, you need to switch to a past tense. For example:
I went windsurfing three years ago.
I didn’t drink a lot last night.
Did you eat a lot of sushi when you were in Japan?
For this reason, when you’re talking about life experiences, you often start with the present perfect, and then switch to a past tense when you mention a specific time.
For example, someone might ask you, Have you ever been to Australia?
You might answer, Yes, I went there two years ago, for my friend’s wedding.
The question is present perfect, because it’s asking about experiences without mentioning a time. The answer mentions a time—two years ago—and so you need the past simple.
There are past structures which you can use to show a difference between the past and the present:
USED TO
You can use used to to talk about something which was true in the past, but isn’t true now. For example:
Heused to have a beard. –> He had a beard in the past, but he doesn’t have one now.
I used to live in Berlin. –> I lived in Berlin in the past, but I don’t live there now.
You can also use the negative form—didn’t use to—to talk about things that weren’t true in the past, but are true now. For example:
They didn’t use to get on so well. –> They didn’t get on well in the past, but they do now.
I didn’t use to wear glasses. –> I wear glasses now, but I didn’t in the past.
You can also make questions:
Did you use to play a musical instrument?
Didn’t he use to work here?
WOULD
You can also use would to talk about actions or habits which you did in the past, but you don’t do now.
Would is the past tense of will. We use it when we talk about the future in the past. For example:
He thought he would buy one the next day.
Everyone was excited. The party would be fun.
WAS/WERE GOING TO
Was/were going to, also refers to the future in the past:
John was going to drive and Mary was going to follow on her bicycle.
It was Friday. We were going to set off the next day.
We also use the past continuous to talk about the future from a time in the past.
It was September. Mary was starting school the next week.
We were very busy. Our guests were arriving soon and we had to get their room ready.
ANY MORE
Finally, you can also use a present verb plus any more. This has a similar meaning to used to. Let’s look:
She doesn’t live here any more. –> She lived here in the past, but she doesn’t live here now.
I don’t have time to listen to music any more. –> I had time in the past, but now I don’t.
‘SET THE SCENE’ WITH PAST CONTINUOUS
‘SET THE SCENE’ means you need to describe the background of the story. What was happening at the start of the story? Who was there, and what were the people in your story doing at the start?
To give background to a story, you usethe past continuous. For example:
We were sitting on the bus, ready to leave.
It was raining so hard you couldn’t even see out of the window.
This isn’t just useful when you’re telling long stories; you can use this any time you’re giving a slightly longer answer about the past.
However, if you do want to tell a longer story, there are some other things you’ll need to know.
SHOW THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS IN THE PAST
When you start a story, you usually say when these things took place. You’ll say something like:
Last week…
This happened two years ago, in summer.
So, yesterday, I was walking down the street…
This time reference ‘fixes’ the time when your story starts.
PAST PERFECT
We use the past perfect when we are looking back from a point in the past to something earlier in the past.
For example:
Helen suddenly remembered she had left her keys in the car.
When we had done all our shopping, we caught the bus home.
They wanted to buy a new computer, but they hadn’t saved enough money.
They would have bought a new computer if they had saved enough money.
Use the past perfect to talk about things that happened before the start of the story.
Let’s see another example:
When I was 25, I quit my job and decided to train as a pilot. I had always wanted to learn to fly.
Here, you have a time reference which ‘fixes’ the start of the story: when I was 25.
If you’re talking about the events of your story, just use the past simple, like this:
We drove out of the test centre.
We sat in a traffic jam for ages.
I had a small accident on the way home.
Using these verb tenses, you can make it clear when things happened in the past, and whether something happened before or after something else.
THE PAST WITH MODAL VERBS
Could– the past tense of can:
You could geta good meal for a pound when I was a boy.
Would – the past tense of will:
He said he would come but he forgot.
May have, might have and could have
To show that something has possibly happened in the past:
I’ll telephone him. He might have got home early.
She’s very late. She could have missed her train.
Should have – the past form of should
I didn’t know he was ill. He should have told me.
You shouldn’t have spent so much money.
Would haveandcould have
We use would have and could have to talk about something that was possible in the past but did not happen:
I could have gone to Mexico for my holiday but it was too expensive.
I would have called you, but I had forgotten my phone.
They would have gone out if the weather had been better.
TALKING ABOUT REGRETS IN THE PAST
There are three different forms you can use to talk about regrets in the past:
Wish
You can use wish plus the past perfect to talk about something you regret. For example:
I wish I’d learned other languages when I was younger.
I wish I hadn’t said that.
Remember that here you’re talking about the opposite of what really happened. If you say I wish I hadn’t said that, you did say something in reality, and now you regret it.
If only
You can also use if only plus the past perfect, like this:
If only I’d kept my Spanish going.
If only I hadn’t wasted so much time.
The meaning is very similar to wish: you did something, or didn’t do something, in the past, and now you regret it.
Could have
Finally, you can sometimes use could have to express regrets in the past, often as part of a longer if-sentence. For example:
I could have tried harder.
If I hadn’t left things to the last minute, I could have passed easily.
Now that you have already seen the words, phrases, and structures you need to talk about the past in clear, fluent English, the next step to improve your conversation and grammar skills is to practice!
Start by testing your understanding of the lesson with this quiz. Next, you can listen to the complete lesson.
O present perfectsimple é utilizado para descrever algo que aconteceu no passado, e possui uma relação com o presente.
O tempo em que a ação ocorreu não é importante, por isso não é especificado.
Geralmente estamos mais interessados no resultado do que na própria ação.
O present perfect de qualquer verbo é formado pela forma apropriada do verbo auxiliar to have (no presente) e o past participle do verbo principal.
Afirmativa: You have walked.
Negativa: You haven’t walked.
Interrogativa: Have you walked?
O present perfect é utilizado para descrever:
Uma ação ou situação iniciada no passado e que permanece no presente
I have lived in Bristol since 1984. (e continuo morando)
She has worked in the bank for five years. (e continua trabalhando)
Quando se faz referência a um período de tempo não concluído
She has been to the cinema twice this week. (e a semana ainda não acabou)
It has rained a lot this year. (e o ano ainda não acabou)
Ações repetidas em um período não específico entre o passado e o presente
We have visited Portugal several times.
She has visited them frequently.
Uma ação concluída, indicada pelos termos ‘already’, ‘just’ e ‘yet’.
Already indica ‘algo que aconteceu mais cedo do que o esperado‘:
The movie only came out yesterday, but I have already seen it.
Justsignifica ‘há pouco tempo atrás‘:
I have just finished my work.
Yet é usado apenas em perguntas e sentenças negativas. Refere-se a ‘algo que é esperado acontecer‘:
Have you finished the report yet? No, I haven’t finished it yet.
E quando o período exato da ação é irrelevante ou desconhecido
He has read ‘War and Peace’. (o resultado da leitura é importante)
Someone has eaten my soup! (não há sopa para mim)
Assista este vídeo, que mostra o caminho inverso, a visão de alguém aprendendo português: “O inglês e o espanhol têm este tempo verbal mas o português não, então para mim foi um desafio aprender como expressá-lo ao aprender português!”
Anote os exemplos, e veja onde eles se encaixam nas categorias mostradas acima.
O diagrama seguinte, ilustra o intervalo de tempo envolvido na ação reportada através do present perfect, e o tempo definido na ação reportada através do simple past.
