Simple Present

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Verbs come in three tenses: past, present, and future.

The past is used to describe things that have already happened (e.g., earlier in the day, yesterday, last week, three years ago).

The future tense describes things that have yet to happen (e.g., later, tomorrow, next week, next year, three years from now).

This lesson will discuss the present tense which is used to talk about things in general. We can use it to describe actions that happen frequently or situations that are generally true.

Doctors work in hospitals. [true in general]

The doctor starts work at 9:00.  [happens all the time]

This tense is constructed by using the plain infinitive, the infinitive without “to”, when the subject is “I” (also known as the 1st person singular),  “you” (the 2nd person singular / plural), “we” (the 1st person plural) or “they” (the 3rd person plural).

I work as a shop assistant.

You work as a cashier.

We work at weekends.

They work together.

In the 3rd person singular, “he / she / it,”  just add “s” or “es” to the end of the plain infinitive verb.

He works at a school. [to work +s = works]

He teaches English. [to teach + es = teaches]

For present simple negative sentences or questions, English uses the verb “do”  together with the main verb. Verbs that “help” the main verb like this are called auxiliary verbs.

When “he / she / it” is the subject, “do” becomes “does”.

In negative sentences,  “do / does” is followed by “not” and then the main verb.

“Do / does not” can also be shortened to “don’t / doesn’t.”

We do not work at a school. [subject, auxiliary + not, main verb] OR

We don’t work at a school.

He does not speak English. [subject, auxiliary + not, main verb] OR

He doesn’t speak English.

To form questions, the word order changes. “Do / does” is used at the start, followed by the subject and then the main verb.

We also use “ do /does” again in the reply.

* Exceptions: Questions that have To Be or Modal Verbs (can, might, must, etc.)

Do you work here? [auxiliary, subject, main verb]

  • Yes, we do.

Does he speak English? [auxiliary, subject, main verb]

  • No, he doesn’t.

This video shows the irregular verb, to have, that changes for “he / she / it. ” It is an easy, simple and clear lesson.

Now, practice.

Reference: https://englishclassviaskype.com/blog/how-to-learn-english/present-simple-explained-in-pictures/

Health Problems

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The most common ways to ask about someone’s health are:

  • How do you feel (today)?
  • How are you feeling?
  • Is everything okay?

Some typical responses are:

  • I’m fine.
  • I feel sick.
  • Not so good.
  • Not very well.
  • I don’t feel well.
  • I’m sick.

When you see (or hear) that they are not well, then you can ask:

  • What’s the matter?
  • What’s wrong?

If the person wants to say what is wrong, they may give the reason they feel that way:

  • I have … (+ health condition)
  • I’ve got … (+ health condition)
  • I have a headache
  • I’ve got a sore throat.

Sick and ill

Sick and ill are often used interchangeably to refer to a state of poor health, but there can be subtle differences in usage depending on context, region, and speaker preference.

Some people might perceive ill as slightly more formal or literary than sick.

In general, sick is more commonly used in American English, while ill is often favored in British English. However, this is not a strict rule, and they are both understood in either dialect.

In British English, to be sick can mean to vomit.

Pain and ache

Pain is physical suffering or discomfort caused by illness or injury. It is usually a sharp sensation in a specific body part and hurts more than an ache.

Ache refers specifically to a dull or persistent discomfort. You can sometimes try and ignore an ache.

The two terms are often used interchangeably in colloquial language.

So far, so good.

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So far so good

O simples uso, troca, de uma palavra do português pelo seu equivalente em inglês, num número grande de vezes, resulta em algo que não faz sentido algum.

O contrário é igualmente verdadeiro. Portanto, enfatizo a experiência com pedaços, chuncks, conjuntos, combinações de palavras, e ainda contextualizadas, para uma correta apropriação e uso delas.

So far, so good não significa tão longe, tão bom. Significa: por enquanto tudo bem; até agora tudo certo, até aqui tudo bem.

  • I’ve done half of my homework, so far, so good.
    Eu já fiz metade da minha lição de casa, até aqui tudo bem.
  •  How is the new project coming along? Como está o andamento do novo projeto?
    Well; so far, so good. Bem, até agora tudo certo.
  • So far, so good. We got to the airport on time.
    Até agora, deu tudo certo. Nós chegamos ao aeroporto na hora certa.
  • Do you guys have any questions? Vocês têm alguma dúvida?
    No, teacher. So far, so good. Não, professor. Até aqui tudo bem.
  • How’s the surgery going? So far, so good. Como está indo a cirurgia? Até agora tudo bem.

so_far

Now, watch this video and practice how to say it.

Especially vs specially

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A Diferença entre Especially e Specially - Adir Ferreira Idiomas

Both especially and specially are adverbs. 

Especially means ‘in particular’, ‘particularly’, or ‘most of all’. We use especially to show that what you are saying applies more to one thing or situation than to others.

  • I like food, but I especially like sandwiches.
  • He’s often a little late, but he was especially late today.
  • She looked especially beautiful that night.
  • I like all of my friends, especially Mark.
  • All of the rooms are dirty, especially the bathroom.
  • Our baby cries a lot, especially when he is hungry.
  • Dave and Mark like football. Dave, especially, watches lots of matches on TV.
  • Mark: Do you want to live abroad? Jane: Yes, I would especially like to live in France.

When especially relates to the subject of a sentence, you put it immediately after the subject.

  • Young babies, especially, are vulnerable to colds.

You can also use especially in front of an adjective to emphasize a characteristic or quality.

  • I found her laugh especially annoying.

We use specially to say that something is done or made for a particular purpose.

  • This sandwich was specially made.
  • They had a chair specially designed for her size.
  • The animals are specially trained to locate the mushrooms.
  • I bought a bag specially for my computer.
  • The suit was specially made for me.
  • I went to New York specially to see the Statue of Liberty.

We can use both, especially and specially, when we refer to a ‘special purpose,’ or ‘specifically.’

  • I bought this milk especially / specially for you. 
  • The speech was written especially / specially for the occasion. 

Practice doing the mini-test at the end of the page.

Greetings II

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Nice to meet you is used as a friendly greeting when you meet someone for the first time.

But when it is not the first time you meet someone, you say, “It’s nice to see you again.”

Next, we usually greet people with hi or hello.

But after you are comfortable enough with basic vocabulary, it is important to push yourself to the next level and learn how to express yourself in other ways like: How are you, How’s it going, How have you been, and many others.

After all, English language speakers have many different ways of saying the same (or similar) things.

Let’s expand beyond the American-British English scope and learn how Aussies, people from Australia, greet someone.