🗣️ Greeting People

We usually greet people with “hi” or “hello.”
👉 “Hi” is a bit more casual.

Examples:

• Hello!
• Hi!
• Hey!

It’s common to say “hey” in informal situations.
Be aware that “hey” can also be used to get someone’s attention, like:

Hey, look at this!

😊 Asking How Someone Is

Common ways to ask how someone is doing:

• How are you?
• How are you doing?
• How’s it going?
• How have you been?

All these questions have similar meanings.

👍 Common Replies

• I’m fine, thanks.
• I’m good, thanks.
• I’m great, thanks!
• Pretty good!
• Not bad, thanks.

👉 Many people say “not bad” to mean “quite good.”

👋 Informal Greetings Among Friends

If you’re greeting a friend or someone you know well, you can say:

• Hey, what’s up?
• What’s new?
• What’s happening?
• What’s going on?

Typical short replies:

• Nothing.
• Not much.
• Nothing much.

💡 In English-speaking cultures, people usually don’t share a lot of personal information during a short, informal, or accidental meeting.

🎧 Listening Practice

Listen carefully to the two videos below.
Take notes of useful phrases and sentences, and pay special attention to pronunciation.

🌞 Other Everyday Greetings

• How’s everything?
• Long time no see. Hey, long time no see!
• How’s your day?
• Good morning / Good afternoon / Good evening

👉 To make “Good morning” less formal, just say “Morning.”

If you’re leaving or going to sleep, you can also say “Good night.”

🚪 Saying Goodbye

• Bye! → (short for “Goodbye”)
• See ya / See you soon / Hope to see you soon Used when you plan to meet the person again soon.
• Take it easy / Take care / Take care of yourself. These phrases are informal, polite, and friendly ways to say goodbye, wishing the other person well.