1. Verb Tenses Overview

Verbs come in three main tenses:

• Present → things in general, routines, facts
• Past → finished actions in the past
• Future → things that have not happened yet

✔ Present Simple

Used for:

• routines
• general truths

Examples:

• I live in Brazil.
• She works every day.

👉 Note:

• I / you / we / they → live
• he / she / it → lives

✔ Future

Used for:

• plans or actions in the future

Examples:

• I will travel tomorrow.
• She will call you later.

Watch the video carefully and take notes.

✔ Past Simple

Used for:

• actions that are finished
• actions at a specific time in the past

Common time expressions:

• yesterday
• last week / month / year
• ago (two days ago, three years ago)
• earlier

Example:

• I visited my friend yesterday.

2. Structure of the Past Simple

👉 The good news:

✔ There is only ONE form of the verb for all subjects.

Example with LIVE:

• I lived
• You lived
• He lived
• She lived
• It lived
• We lived
• They lived

⚠ Exception: the verb to be

• was / were

3. Regular Verbs (Affirmative)

✔ Rule: Add -ED to the verb

Examples:

• play → played
• rain → rained
• cook → cooked
• watch → watched
• want → wanted

✔ Verbs ending in -E: Add -D

• live → lived
• smile → smiled
• dance → danced

✔ Examples in sentences:

• I played my guitar yesterday.
• It rained last night.
• He fixed his bike last weekend.
• Angela watched TV all night.
• Paul wanted to go to the museum.

4. Negative Sentences

✔ Rule: Use did not (didn’t) + base verb

Structure: Subject + didn’t + base verb

Examples:

• They lived in Spain → They didn’t live in Spain
• I didn’t want to go home
• She didn’t open the door

⚠ IMPORTANT:
❌ NOT: didn’t lived
✔ ALWAYS: base form

✔ Auxiliary in the Past: Only DID / DIDN’T

• I didn’t
• You didn’t
• He didn’t
• She didn’t
• It didn’t
• We didn’t
• They didn’t

5. Questions in the Past Simple

✔ Rule: Use DID + subject + base verb

Examples:

• Did they live in Spain?
• Did you need my help?
• Did she open the window?

⚠ IMPORTANT:
❌ NOT: Did they lived?
✔ ALWAYS: base form

6. Short Answers

• Did you call her?
  ✔ Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
• Did she finish?
  ✔ Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.

7. Question Words

Use before DID:

• When did you arrive?
• Where did they go?
• Why did she leave early?
• What did he say?
• Who did you see?
• How did you learn English?

8. Irregular Verbs

Some verbs do not follow the -ED rule.

Example with GO:

• Present → go / goes
• Past → went

✔ Affirmative:

• I went to the beach.
• She went to the dentist.
• They went to the library.

✔ Negative:

• You went → You didn’t go

✔ Questions:

• Did you go to the concert?

9. Key Insight

👉 Irregular verbs are only irregular in affirmative sentences

✔ Example:

• You went
• You didn’t go
• Did you go?

📝 EXERCISES

A. Complete with the Past Simple

1. I ________________ (play) tennis yesterday.
2. She ________________ (watch) a movie last night.
3. They ________________ (live) in Spain in 2010.
4. He ________________ (cook) dinner yesterday.
5. We ________________ (study) English last week.

B. Make Negative Sentences

1. I visited my friend.
   → I _____________________________________
2. She liked the movie.
   → She __________________________________
3. They worked yesterday.
   → They _________________________________

C. Make Questions

1. You finished the homework.
   → ______________________________________________?
2. She opened the door.
   → ______________________________________________?
3. They traveled last year.
   → ______________________________________________?

D. Choose the Correct Option

1. Did you ___ to the party?
   a) went
   b) go
2. She didn’t ___ the answer.
   a) knew
   b) know
3. They ___ a great time yesterday.
   a) had
   b) have

E. Irregular Verbs Practice

Complete:

1. I ________________ (go) to the beach.
2. She ________________ (have) lunch at noon.
3. They ________________ (see) a movie.
4. He ________________ (make) a cake.

F. Personal Practice

1. What did you do yesterday?
   → ____________________________________________
2. Where did you go last weekend?
   → ____________________________________________
3. Did you study English yesterday?
   → ____________________________________________